Cookies are not necessarily dangerous- they can’t transmit computer viruses, for example. However, some websites sell the information associated with your ID number on their server to marketers, who might use it to target customers for thier products.

Unsatisfactory cookies, in Microsoft’s understated term, Are someone access to personally identifiable informal without your consent for some secondary purpose. This can lead to spyware as we describe next.

Spyware-adware, browser & search & key loggers: intruders to track your habits and steal your data.What should I be afraid of about spyware?

You visit a search site such as Yahoo or Google and click on a text ad that appears next to your search results. Or you download a free version of some software, such as Kazaa, the popular file-sharing program.

Or you simply visit some web merchant to place an order. The next thing you know, you seem to be getting Online advertising in which, when you visit certain opens, or “pops up,” to display advertisements. encounter with spyware, of which pop-up ads are may be defined as deceptive software that is surreptitiously installed on a computer via the web; once installed on your hard disk, it allows an outsider to harvest confidential information, such as keystrokes, password, your email address, or your history of website visits. Spyware was found on the personal computers of 80% of the 329 homes participating conducted by America Online Inc. and the Ni Alliance. Ways to avoid getting spyware are shown.

The most common forms of spyware are the folk adware or pop-up generators:

Adware. or pop up generators, is a kind of spyware that tracks web surfing or online can send you targeted and unsolicited pop-up and other adds. This is the most common, and benign, type of spyware. Adware can mate companies such as Verizon and Panasonic but by-night purveyors of pornography and gambling operating from computer servers in Russia, Spain, and the Virgin Islands.

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Following are some tips for fighting spam:

Delete without opening the message: Opening the spam message can actually send a signal to the spammer that someone has looked at the on-screen message and therefore that the email address is valid-which means you’ll probably get more spams in the future. If you don’t recognize the name on your Inbox directory or the topic on the inbox subject line, you can simply delete the message without reading it. Or you can use a preview feature in your email pro-grim to look at the message without actually opening It; than delete it, (Hint: Be sure to get rid of all the deleted messages from time to time; otherwise, they will build up in your “trash” area.)

Never reply to a spam message: The following advice needs to be taken seriously: Never reply in any way to a spam message! Replying confirms to the spammer that yours is an active email address. Some spam senders will tell you that if you want to be removed from their mailing list, you should- type the word remove or unsubscribe in the subject line and use the Reply command to send the message back. Invariably, however, all this does is confirm to the spammer that your address is valid, setting you up to receive more unsolicited messages.

Opt out: When you sign up for or buy something online and are asked for an email address, remember to opt out of everything you’re sure you don’t want to receive. When you register for a website, for example, read its privacy policy to find out how it uses email addresses-and don’t give the site permission to pass along yours.

Enlist the help of your Internet access provider, or use spam filters: Your IAP may offer a (for example, Earthlink’s Spaminator and Hotmail) to stop the stuff before you doesn’t, you can sign up for a filtering ImagiNet (www.imagin.net) for a small Or there are do-it-yourself spam-stopping.

Fight back: If you want to get back at other Internet abusers-check with abuse.net (www.abuse.net) or Ed Falk’s Spam Tracking Page (www.rahul.net/falk), Spamhaus (www.spamhaus.org tracks the internet’s worst spammers and ISPs and law enforcement agencies to remove persistent spammers from the provides a free database of IP addresses spammers. These groups will tell you where to report spammers, the appropriate people.

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IM has become a hit with many users. Instant: messaging is especially useful in the workplace as a way of reducing long distance telephone bills when you have to communicate with colleagues w-are geographically remote but with whom you must work closely. However, you need to be aware of a few drawbacks:

Lack of privacy: Most IM services lack the basic privacy that most other forms of Communication provide. Efforts are under way to develop IM security software and procedures, but for now IM users should be aware that they have virtually no privacy. Lack of common standards: Many IM products do not communicate with one another. If you’re using AOL’s IM, you cannot communicate with a buddy on Yahoo,

Time wasters when you have to get work done: An instant message “is the equivalent of a ringing phone because it pops up on the recipient’s screen right away” says one writer. Some analysts suggest that, because of its speed, intrusiveness, and ability to show who else is online, IM can destroy workers’ concentration in some offices, You can put off acknowledging email, voice mail, or faxes. But instant messaging is “the cyber-equivalent of someone walking into your office and starting up a conversation as if you had nothing better to do,” says one critic. “It violates the basic courtesy of not shoving yourself into other people’s faces.

You can turn off your instant messages, but that is like turning off it ringer on your phone; after a while people will wonder why you’re never available. Buddy lists or other contact lists can also become very in-group. When that happens, people are distracted from their work as they war about staying current with their circle”(or being shut out of one). Some con panics have reportedly put an end to instant messaging, sending everyone back to the use of conventional email.

FTP-for Copying All the Free Files You Want

What does FTP allow me to do?

Many net users enjoy “FTPing”-cruising the system and checking into some of the tens of thousands of FTP sites, which predate the web and offer interesting free or inexpensive flies to download. FTP (File Transfer protocol) is a software standard for transferring files between computers with of different operating systems. You can connect to a remote computer FTP site and transfer files to your own micro computer’s hard disk via over the Internet. Free files offered cover nearly anything that can be on a computer: software, games, photos, maps, art, music, books, and statistics.

Some FTP files are open to the public (at anonymous FTP sites); not. For instance, a university might maintain an FTP site with private I (such as lecture transcripts) available only to professors and students i assigned user names and passwords. It might also have public FTP files open anyone with an email address. You can download FTP using a your web browser or special software (called an FTP client program), Fetch and Cute.

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What are examples of various crimes involving computers and computer systems?

A computer crime can be of two types. (1) It can be an illegal act perpetrated against computers or telecommunications, or (2) it can be the use of computers or telecommunications to accomplish an illegal act.

The following are crimes of both types.

THEFT OF HARDWARE:

Hardware theft can range from shoplifting an accessory in a computer store to removing a laptop or cellular phone from someone’s car. Professional criminals may steal shipments of microprocessor chips off a loading dock or even pry cash machines out of shopping-center walls. Eric Avila, 26, a history student at the University of California at Berkeley, had his doctoral dissertation-involving 6 years of painstaking research-stored on the hard drive of his Macintosh laptop when a thief stole it from his apartment. Although he had copied an earlier version of his dissertation (70 pages entitled “Paradise Lost: Politics and Culture in Post-War Los Angeles”) onto a floppy disk, the thief stole that, too. “I’m devastated,” Avila Said. “Now it’s gone, and there is no way I can recover it - other than what I have in my head.” To make matters worse, he had no choice but to pay off the $2,000 loan for a computer he no longer possessed, The moral, as we’ve emphasized in this book: Always make backup copies of your important data, and store them in a safe place- away from your computer.

THEFT OF SOFTWARE Pirated software is soft-ware obtained illegally, as when you make an illegal copy of a commercial videogame. This is so commonplace that software makers secretly prowl electronic bulletin boards in search of purloined products and then try to get a court order to shut down the bulletin boards. They also look for organiza-tions that “softlift”-companies, colleges, or other institutions that buy one copy of a program and make copies for many computers. In addition, soft-ware pirates often operate in China, Taiwan, Mexico, Russia, and various parts of Asia and Latin America, where the copying or counterfeiting of well-known software programs is practiced on a large scale. In some countries, most of the U.S. microcomputer software in use is thought to be illegally copied.

Many software pirates arc reported by coworkers or fellow students to such organizations as the Software and Information Industry Association, the Interactive Digital Software Association, and the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association.

THEFT OF ONLINE MUSIC & MOVIES Many students may feel that illegally downloading music and movies is a victimless crime, but to the entertainment industry it is just plain piracy or theft.

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CRASHING ENTIRE SYSTEMS Sometimes criminals are more interested in abusing or vandalizing computers and telecommunications systems than in profiting from them. For example, a student at a Wisconsin campus deliberately and repeatedly shut down a university computer system, destroying final projects for dozens of students; a judge sentenced him to a year’s probation, and he left the campus. In 2003, the website of WeaKnees, an online seller of digital video recorders, was overwhelmed by an electronic attack that knocked out its email system for weeks, the result of cyber-mercenaries allegedly hired by an entrepreneur who had been rebuffed by WeaKnees over a proposed business deal.

Other kinds of malevolent attacks could be far more serious are as follows.

Attacks or power-control systems: One possibility that concerns security specialists is cyber attacks on the nation’s water, power, transportation, and communications systems, causing them to crash and disrupting services to thousands, even millions of people. None of this has happened yet, although we have experienced region wide blackouts from power failures and natural disasters owing to other causes. Even if such systems are not the target of terrorists (who may be more interested in generating spectacular casualty counts), it must be assumed that they are vulnerable.

Attacks on the internet-could the entire not crash? Also quite worrisome is the possibility of ah attack on the internet that could actually crash the whole worldwide network. This would involve crackers’ tampering with something called the border gateway proto-col, which individual networks use to announce their routes so they can carry each other’s messages. By falsifying the announcements, a cracker could direct messages to nonexistent routes, thereby overload-ing and perhaps crashing parts of the internet.

On a few occasions, parts of a large internal networking company have been made to disappear, so that no contact could be made for several hours, which shows that a real threat may exist. The reason it hasn’t happened yet, speculates one pair of writers, is that “hackers, thieves, and terrorists have come to depend on the internet just like everyone else, and don’t want it wrecked.

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Spyware are software programs that are made to keep watching all the activities on the user’s computer without permission and knowledge of user. Spyware are not visible to user but are active most of the time your computer is switched on.

These spyware programs record sensitive information such as credit card number, bank account number, username password etc and pass this information to the owner of software programs who are controlling these applications. These spyware programs pass this important information to their owner through the internet.

Spyware programs have become a big threat to internet users and because of this reason some software programs are also developed to detect these spyware programs and remove. These types of software programs that are used to remove spyware are called spyware removal programs. Sometimes, spyware may also be known by other names such as adware, snoopware, sneakware and malware.

The reason why the process of spyware removal is necessary because spyware are now seen in most of the computers and these spyware always copy your private information and send to their owner when connected to the internet.

If you think that you can continue to work even after spyware are there in your computer because you have installed an antivirus then you are wrong because sometimes activities of spyware are also not monitored by firewalls. So it is better to free your computer from spyware programs and you can do it by using a good spyware removal program. Spyware removal program acts both as prevention and spyware removal tool because it not only prevents your computer from the entry of these spyware programs but also removes any pre existing spyware program.

You should always prefer to use only reputable spyware removal programs and not any spyware removal program that is not even heard by you before. The best process to get a good spyware removal program is to go on the web and search for a good spyware removal program. Prefer to use only that program which has been rated positively by many users.

Read all the features about your spyware removal program. Read the reviews posted by other users to know more about your spyware removal program. First try the demo version of the spyware removal program that you selected to use and decide to purchase only if it is able to save your computer from spyware programs. A good spyware removal program removes any spyware that you may have downloaded any time on the internet.

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Adware is not at all dangerous to your computer but it is only developed to display targeted advertisements on your computer while you are using the internet. It is small software that is installed on to your computer without your knowledge and permission but the aim of adware is not to harm your computer or capture and transmit your personal information.

The aim of adware is only to display targeted advertisements and earn revenue from those advertisements. The pop-ups that you see while visiting sites are the result of these adware installed on to your computer. This revenue goes to the vendor of the product that is displayed in advertisement.

Adware may be installed on to your computer as a result of any free software or any other application that you downloaded from internet and when you remove adware from your computer then this free software or application may stop functioning. Adbot is another name of Adware.

These adware can do many things other displaying targeted advertisements on to your computer such as recording your activities of online surfing, habits, preferences etc and send this data to the owner of adware. These activities of adware may sometimes slow down your internet surfing speed and you may get annoyed from unwanted pop-ups coming on to your screen.

To stop the activities of adware, you can use an adware remover to completely remove adware from your computer. Search for a good adware remover on internet using search engines such google or yahoo. After you see some of the adware remover programs, copy their URL and save this information. Remember to copy the URL information of those adware remover programs only that have good reviews posted by the users and are rated excellently. Compare all the adware remover programs. To compare, download demo versions of all the adware remover programs you noticed.

Prefer to use only those adware remover programs that are offering free demo versions so that you can test their functionality before paying anything. After you have the demo versions of these adware remover programs, test these programs by running and scanning your hard drive and try to remove the adware installed. Many people prefer to use the demo version every time and they do this by formatting the hard drive and installing the adware remover program again after its subscription period is over. Don’t prefer to use the demo version every time because many adware remover programs don’t offer all the features in demo versions. So if you want to enjoy all the features of an adware remover program then purchase it after you are satisfied from the demo version.

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Computer may fail sometimes or show some problems after its long use and problems may be seen in hardware or software. The problems can be removed by computer repair experts. You can also repair your computer yourself if you follow the techniques that the experts follow to repair a computer. You should know how your computer works before you can repair it.

Repairing a computer is similar to repairing any other machine. You must know about each part of computer and its working. Once you have the knowledge of all the computer parts separately you can successfully try to resolve the problem. You can follow some simple steps as explained.

The hardware problems of your computer can be handled by detecting the exact part that is having the problem and then that part can be repaired or replaced. For example, if your computer switches off with in 5 minutes after you start your computer without the manual shutdown then it may be because your CPU fan is not working properly to cool the processor and it is heating up. Lot of heat is generated in the processor when computer is working and the work of CPU fan is to cool the processor.

If the window operating system is facing some problems, then you can follow these steps. Click on the start button to open the start menu and then click on run button to open the run dialog box. Type MSCONFIG and click on OK button that only blinks after you type in something in the box. After clicking on OK, another window opens up. Now click the tab at the right side called “startup”. There is a button present at the bottom of the window called as “Disable all”. Click this button and then hit the “apply” button that is present just below the previous “Disable all” button. Now close this window and you will see that another window comes up. Now click the option “Restart Now”. This repair technique will fix many issues.

You can also try some other techniques if your computer is working slowly. You can find out the programs that are installed but you are not using them. Open the control panel and click on “Add Remove Programs”. The dialog box opens up where you can select the programs that are not used and click on “Remove” to remove those programs from your computer and this will increase your computer speed.

Disk defragmenter and Disk cleanup are the system tools present to scan and defragment your drives. You can run these tools to optimize your system performance. Disk defragment is the realignment of your data on the hard drive to optimize the ability of hard drive to access data whereas disk cleanup cleans the needless data from your hard drive.

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A computer virus is a program developed to attack a computer or a network of computers. The name virus is given to these programs because these programs are considered same as the real life virus in nature.

The real life virus also has the ability to multiply and harm a person and in the same way computer virus can also multiply itself and spread in your computer. A real life virus can also spread from one person to another and harm them and in the same way computer virus can also copy to another computer from one computer and harm these computers.

A computer virus can be entering in a computer in many ways. It can be downloaded accidentally without your knowledge and permission while you are surfing a website. It can be opened in attachment that came from an unknown person. Virus may also be introduced as a result of security flaw. If a computer or a network of computers are infected from the virus then some maintenance is needed to remove these virus.

You cannot remove a computer virus yourself without taking help of an antivirus because it is hard to delete the virus completely from your hard drive. The master files of these virus programs gets mixed with your system files and create more copies as soon as you delete the existing virus copies.

While removing the virus from your computer, you will also never want to lost data so you should remove the virus only with the help of an antivirus. You should first of all get an antivirus to scan your computer. To get an antivirus, you can go to a local store or you can also open google to start searching a good antivirus. You can download an antivirus and then scan your computer for any viruses or you can also scan your computer online. The only difference in scanning your computer online and offline is that in online virus scan your computer needs a constant high speed internet connection.

Your virus scan tool should always be ready and updated to handle the most recent threats. Virus scan tool scans your computer and identify the threats. After it has identified the threats, it can remove the threat and if the threat cannot be removed then it can attempt to fix the threat. You should prefer to take backup of your data every time before starting scan so that even if there is any threat to your hard drive then also your data is safe.

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Database of windows is developed to store the system information. The system information contains the configuration information about the hardware and the software running with the operating system. The system information is also required to configure the windows operating system so that it can work for different users. System information is present in the windows registry system of your computer.

System Registry is the backbone of your computer because it is the most important part of the operating system. It stores the important information required to run your computer. Whenever a user logon to the computer then immediately the system registry is checked to find out the permissions granted to that user.

The information in the registry grows every time your computer is used. New information is added to windows registry every time new software is installed or already existing software is uninstalled. System registry continuously updates its database. There are many entries and links created in registry while the user is working on the computer.

These entries and links are never deleted from the computer because the users don’t have knowledge enough to find entries and links that are not useful and delete. There is also no command or procedure stored in windows through which useless entries and links can be deleted automatically. Thousands of meaningless entries and links are stored in registry.

The constant growth of information in the windows registry slows down the system and reduces its performance. So to optimize the performance of your hardware and software, you should use windows registry cleaner. Windows registry cleaner scans your system and while scanning it passes through useless entries and links that are present in the windows registry. These entries are not used by any program but increase the delay time in every search process. It then deletes all the useless entries to optimize the performance of your computer.

To accomplish the task of scanning windows registry and deleting the useless entries to optimize your system performance, you should get one windows registry cleaner. Many registry cleaners are available online and you just need to search those. You can use any search engine to search a good registry cleaner. Some common keywords that you can use to search registry cleaners are “free registry cleaner”, “power registry cleaner”, “free windows XP registry cleaner” and “registry cleaner”. Don’t forget to try the demo version first before purchasing the registry cleaner.

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